Machine for making butter.



" .f/z mania Patented Aug. 9, 1910.

R. MONTAGUE.

MACHINE FOR MAKING BUTTER.

APPLICATION rum) AP.R.14, 1910.

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sTATns PATENT onrion.

RODNEY MONTAGUE, 0F CINCINNATI, OHIO, ASSIGNOR TO I. C. BERTBAM, OFGINCINNATI, OHIO.

MACHINE FOR MAKING BUTTER.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Aug. 9, 1910.

Original application filed January 2, 1909, Serial No. 470,444. Dividedand this application filed April 14, 1910. Serial No. 555,392.

To all whom it may concern."

Be it known that I, RODNEY MONTAGUE, a citizen of the United States, anda resident of the city of Cincinnati, in the county of Hamilton andState of Ohio, have invented certain new and useful Improvements inMachines for Making Butter, of which the following is a full, clear, andexact descrip tion, reference being had to the accompanying drawing,forming a part of this specification.

One of the principal objects of my invention is to separate out thebutter fats from the milk constituents without rupturing the membraneoussacs containing the fat globules.

Heretofore the process of butter making has comprised aviolent agitationof the milk or cream for the purpose of, and which has invariablyresulted in the breakin up of the fat cells to cause the fat to coaesce. I have discovered, however, contrary to the accepted theories,that by a separation of the fat globules unruptured and at the same timeby permeating the fat globules with air, a perfect butter isproduced,,which will not become rancid when exposed to the air and theordinary atmospheric conditions, and which will remain pure and sweetfor many days. The fat is protected by the membrane of the cell wallsfrom the ordinary chemical or fermentative changes, and consequentlywithout resorting to preservative means, the original freshness andpurity of the butter remains unchanged for many days and even weeks, andat temperatures little short of the melting point. Of course heat willdisrupt the cells and the fat will coalesce as in ordinary renderingproc esses, and at times at temperatures less than the melting point thecells break downand the butter becomes subject to its ordinary unstablecharacteristics. But under my process, the fermentative and chemicalchange remains abortive for long periods. In addition to this, not onlycan the butter be pro duced by my novel process in from one to threeminutes under any and all conditions, but a. very much larger per cent.of butter can be obtained from a given amount of milk or cream than byany of the well known processes of churning.

My invention in the present instance re-' lates to certain novelapparatus for efl'ecting this separation of the fat globules withoutrupturing and for permeating the product with air, and it consists ofthat certain novel construction and arrangement of parts to behereinafter particularly pointed out and claimed, and in which theseveral features 'of my invention and the various advantages resultingfrom their use eonjointly or otherwise will be apparent from thefollowing description and claims.

The present application relates to the machine designed for carrying outthe process set forth in an application heretofore filed on January 2nd,1909, bearing the Scrial. Number 470,444, for the process-and of whichoriginal application this application is a division.

In the drawings, Figure 1 is a central vertical section of my preferredmachine, partly in elevation. Fig. 2 is an elevation of the upper halfof the right hand sideof the machine as shown in Fig. 1, the parts ofthe apparatus being broken away.

A indicates a cylinder of any desired size: that is to say, its capacitymay be varied, as the size of the barrel of a churn may be Varied from acapacity for holding a pint or a quart to a capacity of many gallons.This cylinder may be made of any suitable materiaL- So it can be made ofwood, or of any kind of metal, strong enough to re tain the cylindricalshape. This cylinder may be lined when desired with any proper lining,among which may be mentioned porcelain, tin, glass or fancy lining.Covering this cylinder and extending into it is the mechanism of myinvention, and of one of the forms whereby my improved process can becarried into effect.

I provide two pumps,a pump B, and a pump C, for forcing air. These pumpsB and C may be of any desired pattern. In the present illustrativeinstance, each of them is constructed as follows: B is the outercylindrical shell of the pump having a bottom B In each pump is areciprocatory piston 13*. To the central portion B of this piston isconnected the lower end of a connecting rod B by a pivot '13. The otherend of this rod B is connected by a pivot B to the adjacent end of awalking beam 13". This beam or oscillating lever B is centrally pivoted,that is, fulcrumed at B to a vertical portion D of the frame of thismachine. The bottom 13 of this pump B is provided with an inlet valve Bhinged at B to the said bottom B of the pump. This valve 13 communicatesdirectly with the outside atmosphere and draws its supply of air fromsuch air and outside of cylinder A. An outlet valve B for permitting theair in the pump to be forced out is present in the bottom of the pump.The seat B of this valve seats against the under side of the bottom 13of the pump.

This valve B has means for elastically returning it to its seatautomatically whenever the diminution of thepressure of air in the pumpspermits. The preferred means for this purpose consists of the head B anda spring B located between the bottom B of the pump B and this head BWhen this spring is a coiled one, as shown in the drawing, it mayembrace the shank B of the valve. The valve B communicates at theenlargement E of the bottom B of the pump with a pipe E which furnishesthe conduit for the air forced by the said pump into the hollow shaft H.Around this hollow shaft H is an annular chamber E The adjacent end ofthe conduit E communicates directly with this chamber E The other pump Cheretofore alluded to, is preferably constructed exactly like the pumpB. Its piston B is pivoted to that end of the walking beam B which isopposite the end where the piston B of pump B is pivoted. The valves ofthe pump C are like those of pump B. The valve B of the pump 0 at theenlargement E of the bottom of this pump communicates with a pipe Ewhich communicates with the annular chamber E The hollow shaft H isprovided with a series of perforations E extending from the annularchamber E to the space H within the hollow shaft. This hollow shaft Hcarries lower down on it radial paddlesK, and radial air dischargingtubes M and radial air discharging tubes P. The faces of each paddle areinclined at an angle to the horizontal, substantially as shown, and theradial air discharging tubes M communicate with the interior space H ofthe hollow shaft H. Likewise the air passage of each of thedischargingtubes P connects with said air. space H of shaft H. These airdischarging tubes P each has downwardly extending openings P thatdischarge a portion of the air passing through them (the said tubes) ina downward direction. This shaft H is journaled in a suitable bearing Lfixed in the frame D The shaft H is duly rotatable. A convenient meansfor this purpose is as follows: A beveled pinion R is fixed on the upperend of the shaft H and above the bearing L. R is a beveled gear wheelthat meshes with the beveled pinion R. This gear wheel R is mounted on ashaft R journaled in the frame D of the machine. The shaft R isrotatable by any kind of power desired. In the present instance, a cranklever B fixed to the shaft R at R is employed, and a portion of suchcrank R is shown.

Means for admitting air to the cylinder A in a way entirelyindependentof the pump inlets aforementioned is provided in the machineillustrated in the drawing and consists as follows: A conduit or pipe Aextends from the cylinder A upward from its upper end and may be said toconstitute an air dome. In this dome is an orifice A A disk A has apassageway A through it. This disk is pivoted at A and has a set screwA. By rotating this disk A the passageway A can be made to coincide andaline more or less as desired with the passageway A of the dome or pipeA ways A and A fully coincide, the orifice can admit the fullest amountof air possible. As the disk A is rotated, the passage A gets more andmore out of alinement with the passage A and the orifice of admittanceto the pipe A is correspondingly diminished until it is altogether cutoff. The set crew A affords a convenient means of setting the disk A inthe position it should have to properly regulate the quantity of airadmitted by the disk A through the orifices A and A to the pipe A Theoperation of my machine is as follows: The cylinder A is partiallyfilled with the cream which is to be converted into butter. The shaft His now rapidly rotated and the pumps operated simultaneously. The airdischarged from the pumps is forced into this hollow shaft H, and thenceit is forced down through this shaft H and passes through the tubes Mand out from the outer free ends into the cylinder A. The air passingdown through the shaft H is also driven out through the tubes P, andconl/Vhen these sequently issues from the free ends of these tubes andalso downward through the passageways or perforations P Consequently theair issuing from the ends of the tubes M strikes the side of the churnor cylinder A, and the air issuing from the ends of the tubes P strikesthe side of the cylinder A. The air passing down through the passagewaysP strikes the bottom of the cylinder A. The air thus striking the sideof the cylinder A rebounds, and the air thus striking the bottom of thecylinder rebounds. As it rebounds from the side of the cylinder and asit rebounds from the bottom of the cylinder, it bounds back into thecream, and is carried with it in its swift revolutions. In this way, itis to be especially noted that the air does not directly strike thecream,

for if it did, it would be liable to bruise or break the sacs containingbutter fats, and thus to a large extent destroy the value and thesweetness of the butter, but by striking the bottom and side of thechurn and bounding back into the cream, it affiliates with the cream,without bruising or breaking the globules.

Any desired and well known means may be present to enable the powerapplied to rotate the hollow shaft H and what it carries to alsooscillate the walking beam 13 The illustrated means for this purpose area yoke R, having forked arms R R This yoke is fixed to the oscillatingbeam B". Between the arms R, R is an eccentric R fixed on shaft R As theshaft R is rotated in the manner aforesaid, the eccentric R moves thearms R, R alternately to the right and to the left. This oscillation ofthe arms R R operates to alternately elevate and depress the respectiveends of the walking beam.

It is to be observed that the terminal portions of the tubes M and Papproach very near to the side of the cylinder; also that the lowertubes P also revolve ina plane very close to the bottom of the cylinder.

The cover of the cylinder A is removable, and when the upper mechanismis located upon said cover, this mechanism is temporarily removed fro-mthe cover. When in position, this cover fits closely upon the top of thecylinder A. It is held down by suitable means; for instance, the hook S,pivoted at S and when the cover is held down, hooked into the eye Sattached to the frame D 1 In the foregoing specification, and in theclaims thereof, wherever the word cream occurs, it is to be understoodas standing for any liquid capable of being churned, as for example, forsweet cream, sour cream, sweet milk, or sour milk, etc.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new and desire tosecure by Letters Patent, is:

1. In a machine for making butter, a closed cylindrical vessel, having acentral rotatable hollow shaft, with a series of air tubes radiallyprojecting from the lower end of said shaft, and extending to the wallof the vessel, the lowermost air tubes having openings throughout theirlength opening downwardly to project the air against the bottom of thevessel and the uppermost tubes hav ing openings at their outer ends toproject the air against the side wall of the vessel, an air pump forforcing air through said shaft and air tubes and means for rotating saidshaft and air tubes.

2. In a machine for making butter, a closed cylindrical vessel, having acentral rotatable shaft, with air tubes radially projecting from thelower end of said shaft and extending to the wall of the vessel, withopenings at the outer ends of said tubes to project the air against theside wall, an air pump for forcing air through said shaft and air tubes,means for admitting air into said cylinder independent of the pumpinlets, and means for rotating said shaft and air tubes.

3. In a machine for making butter, a closed cylinder having a centralrotatable hollow shaft, provided with paddles for agitating thematerial, and with air tubes projecting from this shaft and dischargingthe air close to and against, the walls of the cylinder, the lowesttubes being close to the bottom of the cylinder, and having terminalholes, and also transverse air passages opening downward for dischargingair against the bottom of the cylinder, pumping devices for forcing airthrough the shaft, with means for rotatin the shaft.

RoDNEY MONTAGUE. Attest:

J. L. LOGAN, G. W. WELCH.

